![]() Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of GSE against MDR bacteria such as MRSA and VRSA, which cause serious problems through nosocomial infection, and investigate the cause of the antibacterial effect of GSE.Ģ.1. ![]() From this screening test, only GSE showed antibacterial effect. In this study, 12 plant extracts known for having antibacterial activity were analyzed by disk diffusion test against MSSA. Therefore, we focused on natural products, especially plant extracts. ![]() Most of the drugs on the market today are natural-based products or their derivatives, suggesting that natural-based products may be better accepted by the body and more successful than synthetic chemicals. Natural products have long been used as the basis for treatment. The antibacterial effect of honeydew honey and the antibacterial effects of plant extracts such as black pepper extract, grapefruit seed extract (GSE), and coral Hibiscus extract have been proven in many papers. In addition to nanoparticles, interest in natural products as substitutes for traditional antibiotics to fight multidrug-resistant pathogens has greatly increased. In addition, these nanoparticles have also shown antibacterial effects against MDR bacteria such as vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) and MRSA. The antibacterial effects of nanoparticles such as silver, gold, and ZnO have already been confirmed for over a decade and are still actively being studied. Recently, antimicrobial activity experiments using nanoparticles (NPs) have been actively conducted. Therefore, efforts to discover new substances that can target MDR bacteria have become increasingly important.Īntibacterial effects are being studied in various fields, such as tissue engineering, and many experiments have been conducted to identify new substances that can target antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In addition, the mortality rate from MDR bacteria such as MRSA is significantly higher than for susceptible strains. MDR bacteria constitute the leading cause of nosocomial infection, and outcomes in patients infected with MDR bacteria tend to be worse than for those infected by more sensitive organisms. For example, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which was first identified in the early 1960s, is resistant to other beta-lactam antibiotics, including those in the penicillin class and cephalosporin class, in addition to methicillin. Among these, bacteria that are resistant to several antibiotics are called multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. The number of bacterial strains that are resistant to antibiotics continues to increase due to the misuse and abuse of antibiotics. As a result, we can conclude that GSE is a naturally derived antibacterial substance that exhibits a favorable antibacterial effect even at a very low concentration, so it is a good candidate for a natural substance that can be used to prevent or reduce nosocomial infections as coating for materials used in medical contexts or by mixing a small amount with other materials. Even at the lowest concentration, GSE showed antibacterial activity in the microdilution MIC test. aureus (VRSA) in the disk diffusion test. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. GSE showed antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant S. By screening against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), grapefruit seed extract (GSE) was selected from 12 plant extracts for subsequent experiments. The experiments were performed by the disk diffusion test and microdilution minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test, as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). The aim of this study was to identify new substances that can target MDR bacteria among 12 plant extracts that are known to have antibacterial effects. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are increasing due to the abuse and misuse of antibiotics, and nosocomial infections by MDR bacteria are also increasing.
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